The Art Of Gang Rape In Philippines

The Art of Gang Rape In Philippines

By: Taga Ibaan Ako

Philippines is the only predominantly Catholic country in Asia. With this, it is expected that we carry with us, and that we grew up with high regard for morality and decency. But with the gang rapes hugging the headlines lately, seems like Muslim countries have drowned and taken over us from being an ultra conservative country. Gang rape stories have been all over the news and it’s beginning to become a habit for ill mannered men over the country. The question now here is, what does it take for a gang rape to be consummated? Let’s see what we can deduce of it.

Gang rape, also known as mass rape, basically occurs when a group of people participate in the rape of a single person or victim (This one goes both ways for men and women; for men can also be a victim of the same crime as perpetrated by women.). More often than not, participants plan for this and set a situation to lure their victim. Moreover, perpetrators may also be only triggered by a plain spur of the moment to perform such out of the desire to experience thrill, adventure and to exercise dominance over the victim. Unfortunately, some cases remain unreported for most reasons known only to victims.

In its broadest sense, gang rape is rape by itself. In Philippine jurisprudence, like any other countries, rape is considered a heinous crime punishable by life imprisonment. As defined in the Anti-Rape Law of 1997 (a revision of the Revised Penal Code of 1930), the crime of rape is defined as follows:

Article 226-A. When And How Rape is Committed:

A. By a man who shall have carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:

a. Through force, threat, or intimidation;

b. When the offended party is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious;

c. By means of fraudulent machination or grave abuse of authority; and

d. When the offended party is under twelve (12) years of age or is demented, even though none of the circumstances mentioned above are present.

B. By any person who, under any of the circumstances mentioned in paragraph 1 hereof, shall commit an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into another person’s moth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person.

In case of gang rape, the above mentioned elements are present. Plus the fact that such crime is further aggravated when participated by two more persons to pin down a victim.

Gang Rape Cases in the Philippines

One of the most celebrated gang rape case In the Philippines occurred back in 1967 involving Magdalena T. de la Riva (a.k.a. Maggie de la Riva) who appeared in almost 80 films. She was a rising young star of ABS-CBN when she was kidnapped, tortured and gang-raped at the Swanky Hotel in Pasay City by a notorious gang of young men.

Maggie was on her way home from the broadcasting company aboard her bantam car around 4:30am when a Pontiac convertible car cut her way. The gang, composed of Jose Gomes, Basilio Pineda, Eduardo Aquino Y Payumo, Rogelio Canal Y Sevilla (principals) with accomplishes Wong Lay Pueng, Silvero Guanzon and Jessie Guion, having conspired together, forcibly took her at Swanky Hotel. There, she was made to dance naked. After which, by means of intimidation and deadly weapon, raped her successively only to be left in front of the Free Press Building near Efipanio delos Santos Avenue and Channel 5.

Another case that held spotlight for some months was that of Subic Rape Case. It became so popular and achieved political and international significance because of the Visiting Forces Agreement between US and Philippines, which had been the subject of protests from the beginning. The case almost turned into a circus when, initially, Suzette Nicolas also known as Nicole, alleged that she was gang-raped by four (4) US Marines Dominic Duplantis, Keith Silkwood, Chad Capentier and Daniel Smith. Few days later, she changed her statements confessing that only Lance Corporal Daniel Smith raped her inside a moving Starex van at Alvara Pier in Subic. And that the other US Marines were inside the van cheering for Daniel Smith. During the trial, Smith stated that it was a consensual sex since Nicole agreed on it. In the end, Smith was convicted and Nicole was given the chance to go to US.

Lately, the country again went under siege by similar stories. The latest was that of a volunteer nurse in Timanan, South Upi, Maguindanao, who was raped by 6 men. Accordingly, the victim was on her way to visit a midwife in Timanan when dragged down by at least 10 males who took turn in raping her. The victim was found naked and unconscious the following day. The sad part is, she was rendered half-paralyzed due to severe head injuries which may lead to permanent paralysis. There indications that the victim was strangled with the intention of killing the victim. Dr. Tahir Sulaik, Provincial Health Officer of Maguindanao was even quoted saying “Sirang-sira ang mukha. Noong Makita hindi makilala. She was half naked”.

Earlier the above mentioned case, another gang rape transpired in Quezon City when Janzen Ruckenbrod and two others kidnapped and took advantage of 25-year old “Jessica”. Narrating her ordeal, Jessica said she was waiting for a jeepney ride in front of Maalikaya Sauna House along Quezon Avenue last September 23, 2010 when she was taken by 3 men on board a Mitsubishi Fuzion (ZRT 628). According to her, she was molested inside the car and was brought to a house in Fairview, where she was gang-raped, then left naked on the road. She also said that the suspects fired a gun before forcing her into the car to scare away people around them. Luckily, her sister who was with her was able to get the plate number of the vehicle that led to the arrest of Ruckenbrod. Few days later, another victim of Ruckenbrod spilled her story that she too had experienced the same fate on the former’s hand.

Patterns of Gang Rape

In most cases, patterns of gang rapes are similar and obvious. They usually have the following characteristics:

a. Victims are usually dragged into a vehicle through the use of force and intimidation.

b. Suspects choose victims that are alone or appear to be helpless even though with a companion.

c. Since it is classified as gang rape, the victim is over powered by the suspects in terms of number and strength.

d. Victims are sometimes lured and deceived to go to a place where suspects are waiting.

e. Gang rapes are also practiced in fraternity initiations.

f. It often involves drugs and liquors where the perpetrators are high with it while the victims are made to drink until it render them too weak to fight or at least scream.

Statistics

Statistics on the incidence of gang rape are usually based on available police records. More often, these are inaccurate and not a true representation of the problem, for cultural and social stigmatization associated with rape act as significant barriers to women reporting rape. Furthermore, women are more likely not to report rape if there is little support from their families, law enforcement agencies and health sector. In the Philippines, The Asian Women Resource Exchange (AWORC), an internet-based women’s information service, reports that 794 rapes occurred in Philippines in the first four months of 1997.

During the first semester of 1999 alone, there were 2,393 children who fell prey to rape, attempted rape, incest, acts of lasciviousness and prostitution. As of 2006, rape continued to be a problem, with most cases going unreported. During the year, the PNP reported 685 rape cases. There were reports or rape and sexual abuse of women in police or protective custody –often women from marginalized groups, such as suspected prostitutes, drug users, and lower income individuals arrested for minor crimes. The situation continued in 2007, with the number reported rape cases increasing to 879.

Silence

Most victims of gang rape remain silent for months before reporting the crime. Obet Montes, coordinator for services of the women’s group GABRIELA, say this is due to the victim’s fear of society’s judgment, of not wanting to be branded as “maduming babae” (dirty woman). She says further that a rape victim becomes so afraid that she is going to be blamed for that crime; that she denies that she was violated.

Other Cases of the Gang Rapes As Reported

1. On Jan. 30, 2010, Saturday, an unspeakable crime took place in Antique and shocked the peace-loving people who have not known anything like it. A teenage high school student and cheerleader was raped and murdered in a manner so heinous it was unprecedented in Antique’s history.

According to a report, that evening, the victim, an only daughter of a prominent family, was riding on a motorcycle with her boyfriend along a road in Dalipe village when a group of men hit them with a wooden club. The boy lost consciousness. The men then brought the girl to a place called “Kampo,” an area near the police headquarters. The men took turns raping the girl. And while they were brutalizing her, her cell phone rang. The girl’s mother was on the line asking about her daughter’s whereabouts. The man who answered the phone told the mother that her daughter was fornicating. He said it in a most vulgar way in the local dialect and I don’t want to quote what he said.

The girl was found dead the following day. She looked like she had been clubbed on the head. She could hardly be recognized because of the lacerations on her face. A sharp weapon had been used on her face. Her body bore marks of beating. Her sexual organ was slashed and stuffed with sand, plastic and pieces of wood (Gang-rape murder in Antique, by Ma. Ceres P. Doyo, Philippine Daily Inquirer).

2. The report said the victims, 14 and 17 years old, were invited by a schoolmate to the birthday party. However, they were surprised to see 10 to 15 members of a fraternity group waiting for them. Some of them were already drunk, one of the victims said.

The 14-year-old victim said one of the suspects molested her. The eight other suspects gang-raped the 17-year-old. The 14-year-old victim said her 17-year-old friend was traumatized by what happened to her (www.gmanews.tv, 10/06/2010)

3. A 17-year-old girl who died after she was allegedly gang-raped by four men in the southern town of Sta. Catalina in Negros Oriental. The victim, “Janet” (not her real name), had claimed in a dying declaration, that she was gang-raped repeatedly by four men, one of whom she had named. The father told reporters that they were not aware of her ordeal until shortly before she died, when they noticed unusual things about her, to include infected breasts and genitals (Philippine News Agency, October 17, 2008, tubagbohol.mikeligalig.com).

4. Bacong PNP Chief Inspector Leopold Ijan Sr. said that a woman surfaced and complained that she was gang raped by six men at Martisan Beach. The incident occurred while she and her boyfriend were strolling along Martisan Beach. Worse, her boyfriend was pinned on the ground by the suspects and forced to watch while they took turns of raping her.

Police operatives from both the Bacong and Dumaguete PNP have jointly captured two of the gang members namely Mario Dindo Tabanag of Sacsac, Bacong who yield a .22 caliber hand gun and some pieces of jewelry and Danilo Celestial, alias Enteng who was nabbed in Purok Santan, Taclobo, Dumaguete City with one caliber 38 revolver snubnose with four live ammunitions, one white plastic container with marijuana leaves, 3 cellular phones, 2 chargers, one pair pearl earrings, hairclip, ring, Australian coins and one coin purse (Negros Chronicle, Front Page, by DRT Demecillo)

5. Ayon sa biktima, nagkita-kita sila ng kanyang mga kaklase bandang hapon at sinabihan pa umano siya ng 15-anyos na babaeng suspek na ‘freeday’ at may general assembly. Inakala umano ng biktima na may meeting lamang sa eskwelahan kaya sumama siya sa grupo ng mga suspek hanggang sa dinala siya sa isang bakanteng kuwarto sa loob ng campus. May dala pa umanong alak ang mga suspek at nag-inuman nang patago sa mga guwardiya ng PUP. Pilit umanong pinainom ng alak ang biktima hanggang sa nahilo at nanghina na ito. Narinig pa umano ng biktima ang pagtawa ng babae na tila nagbugaw sa kanya at sinasabi pa umano nito ang mga katagang “basta binyagan ninyo ‘yan.”

Kasunod nito ay may sumampal pa umano sa biktima habang ang iba naman ay pinaghahalikan na ito saka hinubaran bago tuluyang hinalay ng grupo ng mga kalalakihan. May nakatutok pa umanong patalim sa katawan ng biktima. Nawalan na umano ng ulirat ang biktima at nang magising ito ay madilim na madilim na.
Hindi na umano maalala ng biktima kung paano siya nakauwi ng bahay.

Samantala, naantala umano ang pagsusumbong ng biktima sa kanyang mga kapamilya dala na rin ng takot matapos pagbantaan ng mga suspek na siya’y papatayin. Gayunpaman, napansin ng kanyang pamilya ang kakaibang kilos ng biktima kung saan
kada oras ay gusto nitong maligo at madalas pang sabihin na maduming-madumi siya. Hindi rin umano makakain, makatulog at natatakot na ring pumasok sa eskwelahan ang dalagita kaya masinsinang kinausap ng kanyang ina at kapatid na babae hanggang sa umamin na ito sa kanyang mapait na karanasan (, www.abante-tonite.com, June 25, 2010)

6. 2 High School Students Biktima Ng Frat Gang-Rape

Kwento ng third year high school na si “Ana," niyaya siya ng kanyang ka-eskwelang si “Isabel” noong September 23 para dumalo sa birthday ng kanyang kuya. Isinaman ni “Ana” ang matalik na kaibigang si “Bing” pero fraternity pala ang sasalubong sa kanila sa isla.

"Wala naman palang birthday party. nag-iinuman lang sila tapos yung sinasabi niyang kapatid, di naman totoo at di rin niya pinsan ang mga yun," ayon kay Ana.

Pinilit umano silang painumin ng mga lalakio at dinala sa magkahiwalay na kuwarto. Isa ang gumahasa kay “Ana” habang ang kaibigan niyang si “Bing” ay pinagpasa-pasahan umano ng walong lalaki. "Nung pauwi na nilagnat na ako. Walo sila. Nagmakaawa na ako sa kanila," dagdag ni Bing.

Dahil sa banta, natakot silang magsumbong pero naawa na raw si “Ana” kay “Bing” kaya humingi sila ng tulong sa kanilang guro. SI Isabel naman na umano’y nagyaya sa kanila sa isla, hindi na nakitang pumasok pa sa eskwelahan. (Barabara Mijaers, Patrol ng Pilipino Negros Occidental)

7. Arestado ang apat na kalalakihan at isang babae matapos na positibong ituro ng 16-anyos na dalagita na kanilang ginang-rape noong Lunes sa Maynila kung saan nahawaan pa ito ng sakit na gonorrhea o sexually transmitted disease (STD).

Sa harap ni Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim, lumuluhang itinuro ng biktima ang mga suspect na sina Patrick Broso, 26, ng Natividad St., Sta. Cruz, Maynila kasama ang tatlong menor-de-edad pang mga kabataan at isa pang babae na sinasabing barkada ng biktima.

Batay sa report, naganap ang insidente dakong alas-12 ng tanghali noong Oktubre 19 matapos na maglayas ang biktima noong Oktubre 18 nang mapagalitan ng kanyang nanay. Sumama ang biktima sa kaibigan nitong babae kung saan dinala naman ito sa bahay ng isa sa mga suspect. Dito ay naabutan ng biktima at suspect na babae na nag-iinuman ang grupo at saka niyayang uminom ang una.

Hindi nagtagal nakaramdam ng pagkahilo ang biktima at doon na siya sinimulang palitang hinalay ng mga suspect na kinunan pa ng video. Bukod dito sinabi pa ng ina ng biktima na pinasakan pa ng bote ng mountain dew ang ari ng kanyang anak na posibleng dahilan ng pananakit nito hanggang ngayon. Kaugnay nito, isang man­hunt operation naman ang isinasagawa ng pulisya laban sa dalawa pang suspect na nakilalang sina Jerry Mc Guire at Christian Bautista. (Pilipino Star Ngayon Doris Franche, October 24, 2009)

8. PORMAL nang kinasuhan ang anim miyembro ng Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) na inakusahang halinhinang gumahasa sa isang 20-anyos babae sa Taguig City.

Sinampahan ng kasong rape ng biktima sa Philippine National Police at PCG ang mga suspek na sina Apprentice Seaman JP Raymundo, PO3 Havar Copoz, Apprentice Seaman Reo Omar at tatlong iba pa.

Aniya, naganap ang insidente noong Marso 2 dakong 10:30 p.m. sa loob ng PCG headqurters sa nasabing lungsod.

Sinabi ng biktima na naninirahan lamang malapit sa base, inimbitahan siya ni Raymundo sa loob ng headquarters ngunit nadatnan niya ang limang iba pa habang nag-iinoman.

Pinilit aniya siyang uminom ng beer ngunit nang malasing ay halinhinan siyang ginahasa ng mga suspek.

“Sabi ko ayoko na. Inom pa raw dahil ihahatid naman ako. Nanghina na ako, pero may malay pa ako kasi nararamdaman ko pa ang hawak nila, nagtatawanan sila,” aniya.

Sa inisyal na imbestigasyon ng PCG, nakompirmang nagkaroon ng inoman sa loob ng base noong Marso, kasama ng mga suspek ang biktima.

“Nakalulungkot ang pangyayaring ito. Binibigyan namin ng assurance na hindi natin ipinagwawalang-bahala ang reklamong ito,” pahayag ni PCG spokesman, Lt. Cmdr. Armand Balilo (hatawtabloid.com, L. Basilio / J. Garcia, 11 March 2010).

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility

By Taga Ibaan Ako

The term "CSR" came in to common use in the early 1970s, after many multinational corporations formed, although it was seldom abbreviated. The term stakeholder, meaning those on whom an organization's activities have an impact, was used to describe corporate owners beyond shareholders as a result of an influential book by R Freeman in 1984.

The basic premise is that business organizations have responsibility to various groups in society (the internal and external stakeholders) and not just the owners/ shareholders.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, responsible business, sustainable responsible businessSRB), or corporate social performance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Ideally, CSR policy would function as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby business would monitor and ensure its support to law, ethical standards, and international norms. (

Corporate social responsibility may come across as a highly idealistic endeavor but it actually produces highly favorable and observable results. Recent research studies reveal that companies that are perceived by the public to adopt more socially responsible business practices and ethics are more likely to perform financially better than those companies who don’t.

Consequently, business would embrace responsibility for the impact of its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. Essentially, CSR is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honoring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit.

Corporations who are socially responsible benefit by increasing their business dealings and potential plus their good standing and the prestige that responsible brings. In the long haul they get their initial investments back plus earning capital, prestige in the marketplace, environmental advantages and not least, by becoming worldwide leaders.

From a small one or two person operation their business grew one by one into a giant conglomeration that benefit's the world. This does not happen carelessly; social responsibility must be there from the first and must continue throughout. When this is lost and the only valid reason for the business is to make money at all costs, then the company fails.

The belief that corporate responsibility "pays" is a seductive one: Who would not want to live in a world in which corporate virtue is rewarded and corporate irresponsibility punished? Unfortunately, the evidence for these rewards and punishment is rather weak. There is a "'market for virtue," but it is a very limited one. Nor is it growing.

One can certainly find examples of firms with superior CSR performance that have done well, as well as firms with poor CSR reputations that have performed poorly. But of course, there are still at least as many examples of firms with good CSR records that have not done well and firms with poor CSR reputations that rewarded their shareholders.

Increasingly, corporations are motivated to become more socially responsible because their most important stakeholders expect them to understand and address the social and community issues that are relevant to them. Understanding what causes are important to employees is usually the first priority because of the many interrelated business benefits that can be derived from increased employee engagement (i.e. more loyalty, improved recruitment, increased retention, higher productivity, and so on). Key external stakeholders include customers, consumers, investors (particularly institutional investors), and communities in the areas where the corporation operates its facilities, regulators, academics, and the media.

Many companies realizing the importance of CSR activities are indulging in CSR activities, not just as a side function, but have tried to make it an integral part of their business strategy and marketing campaigns. The companies have already taken up CSR initiatives on a large scale and have scaled substantial heights.

(Sources: Gwendolyn Cuizon, , Effie Moore Salem, David Vogel, , http://images.search.yahoo.com)

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Have A Brake. Have It Checked.

Have A Brake. Have It Checked.

By Taga Ibaan Ako

Year after year, all over the world, number of vehicular death casualties keeps on piling up due to faulty brake system. Back in time up to the present, there were several recorded road accidents due to the same reason.

For most of the time, trucks and buses are often the ones seen on road mishaps due to the same reason. Others would even use it an alibi. But actually, they just don’t want to admit how fool they are and to avoid being blamed for the lives they have mutilated. But of course, other vehicles can not be exempted from this; cars, SUVs and others, they too have their own brake system. And yes, everyone’s life depends on them as well.

In the Philippines alone, you can almost have a deaths log book in counting those who lost their lives in connection with car brakes. In December 11, 2007, 5 killed and 60 were injured in a series of NLEx road accidents. A multi-vehicle accident involving 11 vehicles resulted to the death of a 7-year-old boy, injuring 4 others in the same road, June 6, 2008.

On the other hand, at least 15 people, including four children, were killed and 48 others injured when a bus lost its brakes and rammed a concrete wall along the road in Barangay Don Andres Soriano in Toledo City, Cebu, last July 5, 2010.

Senator Ralp Recto’s sister Plinky Recto also got involved into this back in March 12. Reports said that Recto was driving her Nissan pick-up heading to Katipunan Avenue when her vehicle was rammed by an Isuzu truck driven by Teddy Galang at 1 p.m. The truck reportedly lost its brakes and hit Recto’s car.

The latest was in August 18, 2010 where 41 people were killed when a packed bus left the mountain resort city of Baguio en route to San Fernando, La Union plunged into a ravine after its brakes failed. Even President Noy Aquino got so frustrated about it and finds a “brake malfunction’ alibi to be a lame one.

Symptoms of Brake Failure

What are the symptoms them of brake failure? They can differ, depending on the type of brake system you have. As you read them, understand that you don’t win a prize if you wait until your brakes display all the signs of failure before you do something about them. Get them at least properly checked why you see the first symptom.

Sign of auto brake problems include:

1. The brake pedal just keeps dropping lower inch which is a good sign that there is less there to offer resistance.

2. The brake pedal feels very soft or spongy or requires you to pump it.

3. It takes longer to get a response from the brakes.

4. Serious noise when you apply the brake pedal.

5. Perceptible vibrations as you apply the brake pedal.

6. Grabbing or pulling the car side ways every time you push the pedal.

How To Diagnose A Brake Problem

The brakes in your car have got to be the component that you rely on the most. Though you may not consciously think about it, you sure would if they suddenly didn't work. Don't forget about your brakes. They need maintenance as much as any other part of the vehicle does. Checking the brakes as well as the brake fluid is something that you should have written on your calendar along with things like oil change and transmission flush. Here’s how you can diagnose a brake problem.

Instructions

1. Check the brake fluid if the brake light is on.
2. Understand that a high-pitched scraping or squealing noise that goes away when you step on the brake tells you that the brake pads are worn - but only with brake pads that have wear sensors attached.
3. Note that a grinding, metal-against-metal sound when braking indicates that it's too late: Your brake pads or shoes are completely worn away, and you are now ruining the rotors or drums. You should have gotten the brakes checked earlier!
4. Feel the brake pedal. If it is soft or mushy or gets harder and higher when you pump it, you might need to bleed the brakes (which get air bubbles out of the brake lines).
5. Note that if the brake pedal slowly sinks to the floor when you step on it (or intermittently), you might be in need of a new brake master cylinder.
6. Drive the car at low speed, braking as needed. If the brakes squeal, you might need new brake pads, or the brake rotors might need to be resurfaced or machined.
7. Understand that if the car pulls to one side when braking, you might have insufficient hydraulic pressure in one part of the brake system, or one brake might be sticking. Front-end problems can also cause this symptom
8. Consider your rotors if you feel a pulsation when stepping on the brake pedal, particularly when braking at higher speeds. This symptom may indicate warped brake rotors. The rotors will need to be either machined or replaced.
9. Remember that smoking brakes, usually accompanied by a very bad smell, indicate a stuck brake caliper or wheel cylinder. This symptom may also be caused by driving with the hand brake on or by a stuck hand-brake cable.

Checking and taking care of your brake system not only increases the life span of your can. It can also preserve the selling value of your car in the long run. But more importantly, a well functioning brake system saves lives.

(Sources: www.articlesbase.com, www.journal.com.ph, www.ehow.com, www.journal.com.ph, www.philstar.com, www.beatthegmat.com, abs-cbnNEWS.com, and http://newsinfo.inquirer.ne http://images.search.yahoo.com)

List of Vehicular Accidents Due To Faulty Brake System

1963

US. June 10. An open truck carrying 49 Boy Scouts and leaders stalls while climbing a hill en route to Hole in the Rock Road, Utah loses its brakes, and plunges into Carscass Wash, killing 13.

1976

Guatemala. March 10. A regular route bus lost control due to brake failure and plunged down a mountain side in Central Escuintla, Guatemala, killing 38, another 14 are injured.

Indonesia. October 31. A tourist bus collided head on with a mini bust at the outskirt of Bogor, West Java, Indonesia due to brake failure, killing 34 and injuring 25 others.

1981

India. April 14. A bus carrying Hindu Pilgrims swerved to the left of the road, and negotiating a turn with brakes failures of the road, caught fire at Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, India, killing 61.

Philippines. July 21. A bus over turned after brake failure and ploughed through a crowded market at Halsema Expressway, Atok, Benguer, killing 28 and injuring 70.

1986

South Africa. May 12. An over crowded bus lost control due to brake failure and flipped over near Mount Frere, Eastern Cape, Tanskei, South Africa, killing 30. Another 64 are injured.

1989

Peru. May 19. A Lima-Huancayo regular route bus carrying 60 passengers slammed on brakes but failed to avoid a pile of construction blocking bridged, and plunged 90-foot into a Mantaro River, outskirt of Jauja, Junin Region, Peru, killing 45.

1998

Zimbabwe. January 5. Forty-three (43) killed and more than 60 seriously injured when a bus plunged down a steep slope in Nyanga district, after the brakes of the bus failed.

(Source; http://en.wikipedia.org)

Taga Ibaan Ako: Taga Ibaan Ako: 10 Commandments of Surviving A Breakup

Taga Ibaan Ako: Taga Ibaan Ako: 10 Commandments of Surviving A Breakup